(2008a) have developed the so-called KOF index of globalization to capture each of these dimensions (as well as additional sub-dimensions). More recent efforts at measuring globalization were built on the conceptualisation by Keohane and Nye (2000) of three different relevant dimensions of globalization: (1) economic: long distance flows of goods, capital and services as well as information and perceptions that accompany market exchanges, (2) political: the diffusion of government policies internationally, and (3) social: the spread of ideas, information, images, and people ( Dreher, 2006). Yet, globalization is not solely an economic process, and even if it were, there is more to economic globalization than the mere flow of goods and capital. total imports and exports or foreign direct investment, expressed as a share in GDP. Indeed, the measures of globalization commonly employed have been exclusively economic, commonly proxied by e.g. Economists were among the first to try to quantify the different components of globalization in their attempt to assess its impact on economic growth ( Dollar and Kraay, 2004 Dreher, 2006). Arguably, the scarcity of quantitative data amenable to statistical analysis relates to the difficulty in quantifying the complex, multi-faceted nature of globalization. foreign direct investment or trade) on obesity world-wide. (2013) who explored the influence of economic globalization (e.g. A notable exception is a recent study by De Vogli et al. The existing evidence for this claim does, however, rest primarily on case studies and simple ecological comparisons of national conditions. Globalisation is one major factor in the process.Globalization has often been blamed for the rapid rise in obesity in much of the developing world ( Hawkes, 2006 Popkin, 2006 Zimmet, 2000). The decline of traditional industries in HICs is known as deindustrialisation.
Industry may begin to thrive in NICs at the expense of jobs in manufacturing in high-income countries (HICs).Migration of people across the world can cause social tensions and conflict of ideologies.Some nations feel that they are losing control over key decisions and sacrificing their sovereignty.It is a threat to the world's cultural diversity - threatening local traditions and languages and making the whole world more uniform to fit the western model.Multinational companies may drive local companies out of business and are sometimes more powerful than the governments of the countries in which they invest.
It operates mostly in the interests of the richest countries, who continue to dominate world trade.It enables governments to work together to tackle global issues or respond to events, such as a natural disaster.It helps make people more aware of global issues, such as desertification and global warming, and able to work together to tackle these issues.Migration of people can fill labour and skill shortages.Consumers enjoy a greater choice of goods and services at cheaper prices.People can take holidays in far off locations.The mixing of people and cultures from all over the world enables the sharing of ideas and lifestyles, creating vibrant cultural diversity.Multinationals bring foreign currency to local economies when they buy local products and services.Multinationals provide new jobs and skills.Others claim that it is creating an unfair world where the rich countries exploit the world's poorest people and it has increased the development gap. Some would argue that globalisation has spread wealth and led to the improvement of standards of living in newly-industrialised countries (NIC) such as India and China. Positive and negative consequences of globalisation